Publications of Tóka, G.
The Europeanization of National Polities? Citizenship and Support in a Post-Enlargement Union. Sanders D, Bellucci P, Tóka G, Torcal M, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Citizens and the European Polity. Mass Attitudes Towards the European and National Polities. Sanders D, Magalhaes P, Tóka G, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Conclusions. In: Sanders D, Bellucci P, Tóka G, Torcal M, editors. The Europeanization of National Polities? Citizenship and Support in a Post-Enlargement Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 217-34.
Conceptualizing and Measuring European Citizenship and Engagement. In: Sanders D, Bellucci P, Tóka G, Torcal M, editors. The Europeanization of National Polities? Citizenship and Support in a Post-Enlargement Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 17-38.
Introduction: Antecedents and Consequences of European Citizenship. In: Sanders D, Bellucci P, Tóka G, Torcal M, editors. The Europeanization of National Polities? Citizenship and Support in a Post-Enlargement Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 1-16.
Towards an Integrated Model of EU Citizenship and Support. In: Sanders D, Bellucci P, Tóka G, Torcal M, editors. The Europeanization of National Polities? Citizenship and Support in a Post-Enlargement Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 187-216.
Explaining Support for European Integration. In: Sanders D, Bellucci P, Tóka G, Torcal M, editors. The Europeanization of National Polities? Citizenship and Support in a Post-Enlargement Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 137-66.
Introduction: Citizens and the European Polity. In: Sanders D, Magalhaes P, Tóka G, editors. Citizens and the European Polity. Mass Attitudes Towards the European and National Polities. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 1-9.
Support for European Integration. In: Sanders D, Magalhaes P, Tóka G, editors. Citizens and the European Polity. Mass Attitudes Towards the European and National Polities. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 169-212.
Summary and Conclusions: Europe in Equilibrium - Unresponsive Inertia or Vibrant Resilience? In: Sanders D, Magalhaes P, Tóka G, editors. Citizens and the European Polity. Mass Attitudes Towards the European and National Polities. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 245-70.
Persistent Political Divides, Electoral Volatility and Citizen Involvement: The Freezing Hypotheses in the 2004 European Election. In: Enyedi Z, Deegan-Krause K, editors. The Structure of Political Competition in Western Europe. London: Routledge; 2010.
Persistent Political Divides, Electoral Volatility and Citizen Involvement: The Freezing Hypotheses in the 2004 European Election
Planned publication date October 2010
The Impact of Everyday Political Talk on Political Knowledge and Voting Correctly. In: Ikeda K, Morales L, Wolf MR, editors. Political Discussion in Modern Democracies: A Comparative Perspective. London: Routledge; 2010.
The Impact of Everyday Political Talk on Political Knowledge and Voting Correctly.
First presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology at Sciences Po in Paris, France, 9-12 July 2008
Persistent Political Divides, Electoral Volatility and Citizen Involvement: The Freezing Hypotheses in the 2004 European Election. West European Politics. 2010;33(3):608-33.
Persistent Political Divides, Electoral Volatility and Citizen Involvement: The Freezing Hypotheses in the 2004 European Election
forthcoming May 2010
Expressive versus Instrumental Motivation of Turnout, Partisanship and Political Learning. In: Klingemann H-D, editor. The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 269-88.
Towards a European Electorate. One Electorate or Many? In: Thomassen J, editor. The Legitimacy of the European Union After Enlargement. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 65-92.
Public Television, Private Television and Citizens’ Political Knowledge
Paper prepared for presentation at the 2009 EPCR Joint Sessions of Workshops in Lisbon, Portugal, 15-19 April 2009.
A jó kormányzat, az ismeretgazdag választóközönség, és a tömegtájékoztatási rendszer összefüggései nemzetközi összehasonlításban. Politikatudományi szemle. 2009;19(2):7-26.
Public Television, Private Television and Citizens’ Political Knowledge. Vol 2009/66. Florence: European University I; 2009.
Districting and Redistricting in Eastern and Central Europe: Regulations and Practices. In: Handley L, Grofman B, editors. Redistricting in comparative perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. p. 251-64.
The Impact of Cleavages on Political Participation and Electoral Volatility
Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, 4-6 June 2008.
The Impact of Media and Party Systems on the Making of Informed Election Outcomes
Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, 4-6 June 2008.Also presented at the 58th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec, 22-26 May 2008. Winner of the Best Paper in Political Communication Award.
Citizen Information, Election Outcomes and Good Governance. Electoral Studies. 2008;27(1):31-44.
Citizen Information, Election Outcomes and Good Governance
This paper provides a new empirical test of the common sense proposition that a better informed electorate helps producing greater collective welfare. The innovation lies in an arguably more adequate measurement of both the independent and the dependent variable than those found in previous studies. The data come from the cross-national post-election surveys of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) project plusWorld Bank data on the quality of governance across the globe. The findings show some significant effects of citizens ability to emulate fully informed choices on the quality of governance after the elections in question. However, the effect only materializes over multiple elections, and may not extend to all aspects of good governance.
One Electorate or Many? Voting Behavior in New and Established Democracies in Europe. Electoral Studies. 2008;27(4):589-600.
One Electorate or Many? Voting Behavior in New and Established Democracies in Europe
We investigate differences in the factors influencing citizens’ votes between elections conducted in established and new democracies using data collected at the 2004 European Parliament elections, comparing 7 former communist countries with 13 established democracies. Despite contrary expectations in some of the extant literature, voters in ‘new’ democracies make their political choices in ways that are very similar to the decision processes found in more established democracies. The only systematic difference is that voters in post-communist countries are somewhat less likely to make use of ideological location as a cue to the policy orientations of political parties. Perhaps in compensation, somewhat greater relative use in those countries is made of cues from social structure (particularly religion) and from issues.
Volby do Evropského parlamentu 2004. Linek L, Outly J, Tóka G, Batory A, editors. Praha: Sociologický ústav Akademie věd ČR; 2007.
Volby do Evropského parlamentu 2004
The 2004 Elections to the European Parliament : Parties and Voting Behaviour in Cross-national Comparison.
Information Effects on Vote Choices in European Elections. In: Marsh M, Mikhaylov S, editors. European elections after Eastern enlargement : preliminary results from the European election study 2004. Mannheim: CONNEX; 2007. p. 141-79.
Information Effects on Vote Choices in European Elections
Paper from the academic workshop held May 11-13, 2006 in Lisbon, Portugal.
Party Systems and Voting Behaviour in the Visegrad Countries 15 Years After the Transition. In: Saradin P, Bradova E, editors. Visegrad votes : parliamentary elections 2005-2006. Olomuc: Palacky University; 2007. p. 210-44.
The only game in town : party politics in Hungary. In: Webb P, White S, editors. Party politics in new democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007. p. 147-77.
Inequalities of Political Influence in New Democracies. International journal of sociology. 2007;37(4):67-93.
Inequalities of Political Influence in New Democracies
We examine two sources of political inequalities that seem inevitable in elections, supposedly the most egalitarian and most fundamental of modern democratic processes. The first stems from the fact that not everyone is equally likely to vote, and the second from unequal political information levels, which may make some groups of citizens better able than others to express their political preferences in the vote. We use survey data from two economically less advanced new democracies to empirically assess the degree to which inequalities of turnout and political information level may influence election outcomes. Our statistical analysis relies on simulation methods developed by Bartels (1996) and Citrin, Schickler, and Sides (2003). For the first time in the literature, we provide separate estimates of how equally large increases in everyone's knowledge and how a complete equalization of knowledge level across social groups may affect election outcomes. Our results show that election outcomes in Romania and Moldova may be a little different if citizens were much better informed. However, we find no change in the outcomes as a result of an equalization of turnout and information level across social groups. Thus, elections in the two countries aggregate citizen preferences probably imperfectly, but in a definitely egalitarian way.
A 2004. évi európai parlamenti választások : pártok és szavazói magatartás nemzetközi összehasonlításban. Tóka G, Batory A, editors. Budapest: Demokrácia Kutatások Magyar Központja Közhasznú Alapítvány; 2006.
A 2004. évi európai parlamenti választások : pártok és szavazói magatartás nemzetközi összehasonlításban
The 2004 Elections to the European Parliament : Parties and Voting Behaviour in Cross-national Comparison.
Determinants of Support for EU-Membership in Hungary. In: Rohrschneider R, Whitefield. S, editors. Public opinion, party competition, and the European Union in post-communist Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2006. p. 145-64.
Egységes vagy nemzetekre tagolt választóközönség? Szavazói magatartás Európa új és régebbi demokráciáiban. In: Tóka G, Bátory Á, editors. A 2004. évi európai parlamenti választások : pártok és szavazói magatartás nemzetközi összehasonlításban. Budapest: Demokrácia Kutatások Magyar Központja Alapítvány; 2006. p. 273-91.
Vezérek csodálói : a magyar választói magatartás nemzetközi összehasonlításban. In: Karácsony G, editor. Parlamenti választás 2006 : elemzések és adatok. Budapest: Demokrácia Kutatások Magyar Központja Alapítvány; 2006. 17=57.
Political Knowledge and Voter Inequality
Paper presented at the Department of Political Science, New York University, NY, 13 November 2006.
The Functions of Political Discussion and its Impact on Political Awareness
Paper presented at the workshop on The Role of Political Discussion in Modern Democracies in a Comparative Perspective at the 2006 Joint Sessions of Workshops of the European Consortium for Political Research in Nicosia, Cyprus, 25-30 April 2006
Values and the Legacy of Communism: Comparisons between Eastern and Western Mass Publics
Paper presented at the 38th National Convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Washington, DC, 16-19 November 2006.
Elections and Representation. Developments in European Politics. 2006:117-35.
A magyarországi politikai tagoltság nemzetközi összehasonlításban. In: Angelusz R, Tardos R, editors. Törések, hálók, hidak : választói magatartás és politikai tagolódás Magyarországon. Budapest: Demokrácia Kutatások Magyar Központja Alapítvány; 2005. p. 17-64.
A törésvonalak, a pártok és az intézményrendszer. In: Angelusz R, Tardos R, editors. Törések, hálók, hidak : választói magatartás és politikai tagolódás Magyarországon. Budapest: Demokrácia Kutatások Magyar Központja Alapítvány; 2005. p. 243-322.
East-West Value Differences in the European Union and the Legacy of Communism. Madrid: Universidad Autonoma Madrid, Dept. of Political Science and International Relations; 2005.
Hungary. In: Berglund S, editor. The handbook of political change in Eastern Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2004. p. 289-336.
The Impact of Turnout on Election Outcomes in a Cross-national Perspective
Paper presented at the panel on Comparative European Political Behavior at the 14th International Conference of Europeanists organized by the Council for European Studies in Chicago, IL, 11-13 March 2004.
Can Voters be Equal? A Cross-National Analysis, 2. Review of sociology of the Hungarian Sociological Association. 2004;10(1):45-67.
Szavazói magatartás. In: Gallai S, Török G, editors. Politika és politikatudomány. Budapest: Aula; 2003. p. 457-77.
Campaign Effects in East Central Europe: Examples from Recent Elections
Paper presented at the 2003 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association at Philadelphia, 27-31 August 2003.
Media Effects in Campaigns in Elections in East Central Europe.
Paper presented at the 8th International Conference of the Italian Election Studies Association, Venice International University, Italy, 18-20 December 2003.
The Impact of Cleavage Mobilization on Citizens’ Political Involvement
Paper presented at the Joint Sessions of Workshops of the European Consortium for Political Research at Edinburgh, 28 March – 2 April 2003.
The Impact of Cross-Cutting Cleavages on Citizens’ Political Involvement
Paper presented at the 2003 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association at Philadelphia, 27-31 August 2003.
Can Voters be Equal? A Cross-National Analysis, 1. Review of sociology of the Hungarian Sociological Association. 2003;9(2):51-72.
Can Voters be Equal? A Cross-National Analysis, 1
Also presented at the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Plenary Conference at the Aronsborg Conference Center, Stockholm, Sweden, 2-4 October 2003.
The state of local democracy in Central Europe. Soós G, Tóka G, Wright G, editors. Budapest: LGI; 2002.
Campaign Effects and Media Monopoly : The 1994 and 1998 Parliamentary Elections in Hungary. In: Farrell DM, Schmitt-Beck R, editors. Do political campaigns matter? : Campaign effects in elections and referendums. London: Routledge; 2002. p. 58-75.
Ekonomické hlasovanie: prehl’ad literatúry. In: Verejná mienka a ekonomické reformy. Bratislava: INEKO; 2002. p. 66-73.
Issue Voting and Party Systems in Central and Eastern Europe. In: Fuchs D, Klingemann HD, editors. Bürger und Demokratie in Ost und West : Studien zur politischen Kultur und zum politischen Prozess. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag; 2002. p. 169-85.
Negative Information and Citizens’ Political Involvement
Paper prepared for presentation at the ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops at Turin, Italy, 22-27 March 2002.
Befolyásolja-e a szavazókat a Magyar Televízió kormánypárti propagandája? Egy empírikus kutatás 1994-98-ból. Médiakutató. 2002;6:21-38.
Pártimázsok Magyarországon, 1999-2002. Magyarország politikai évkönyve. 2002;15:1540-58.
Választási közvélemény-kutatások és előrejelzések 1998. Marketing & management. 2002;36(1):27-39.
Voter Inequality, Turnout and Information Effects in a Cross-National Perspective. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame; 2002.
The Electorate, 1990-1998. In: Ormos M, Király B, editors. Hungary : government and politics, 1848-2000. Boulder, CO,: East European Monographs; 2001. p. 495-518.
A szavazói magatartás kutatása. Politikatudományi szemle. 2001;10(3):105-30.
Moc slabih: politicke stranke u Madarskoj. Politicka misao. 2001;(2):68-90.
Inventory of political attitude and behaviour surveys in East Central Europe and the former Soviet Union 1989-1997. Bergisch Gladbach: Edwin Ferger; 2000.
Electoral Research in Hungary. In: Klingemann H-D, Mochmann E, Newton K, editors. Elections in Central and Eastern Europe : the first wave. Berlin: Sigma; 2000. p. 71-104.
Politikai ismeretszint és választói magatartás: Magyarországon nemzetközi összehasonlításban. In: Kolosi T, Tóth IG, editors. Társadalmi riport 2000. Budapest: TARKI; 2000. p. 573-90.
Do Some Party Systems Make Equal Votes Unequal? A Comparison of Old and New Democracies.
Paper presented at the Conference on Re-Thinking Democracy in the New Millennium, organized by the University of Houston, Texas, 16-19 February 2000
A politikai közvélemény a Medián kutatásainak tükrében. Magyarország politikai évkönyve. 2000:710-35.
Post-communist party systems : competition, representation, and inter-party cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.
The election to the Hungarian National Assembly, 1994 : analyses, documents and data. Tóka G, Enyedi Z, editors. Berlin: Sigma; 1999.
Parties and Social Divisions : A Common East Central European Pattern? In: Andorka R, editor. A society transformed : Hungary in time-space perspective. Budapest: CEU Press; 1999. p. 155-78.
The Ideology of Modernization : The Day After for the Socialists. In: Tóka G, Enyedi Z, editors. Elections to the Hungarian National Assembly 1994. Berlin: Sigma; 1999. p. 198-223. (Founding elections in Eastern Europe).
Voting behavior. In: Kolosi T, Tóth IG, editors. Social report 1998. Budapest: TARKI; 1999. p. 389-408.
Választási közvélemény-kutatások Magyarországon, 1990-98. Magyarország politikai évkönyve. 1999:706-27.
Hungary. In: Berglund S, editor. The handbook of political change in Eastern Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 1998. p. 231-74.
Party Appeals and Voter Loyalty in New Democracies. In: Hoffefert R, editor. Parties and democracy : party structure and party performance in old and new democracies. Oxford: Blackwell; 1998. p. 167-88.
Party Positions. In: van Deth JW, editor. Comparative politics : the problem of equivalence. London: Routledge; 1998. p. 180-204.
Választási közvélemény-kutatások és előrejelzések 1998-ban. In: Argejó E, editor. Ajelentések könyve. Budapest: Uj Mandátum; 1998.
Választói magatartás. In: Kolosi T, Tóth IG, editors. Társadalmi riport 1998. Budapest: TÁRKI; 1998. p. 391-411.
The Hierarchy of Issue Domains in Inter-Party Relations in East Central Europe with a Directional Model of Coalition Formation
Paper presented at the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, Massachusetts, 3-6 September 1998.
A pártpreferernciák stabilitásának meghatározói. Századvég. 1998;(9):3-26.
East meets west? British Social Attitudes Report. 1998;15:149-71.
Party Appeals and Voter Loyalty in New Democracies. Political Studies. 1998;46(3):589-610.
Választási közvélemény-kutatások és előrejelzések 1998-ban. Jel-kép. 1998;19(4):53-76.
Political Parties in East Central Europe. In: Diamond L, editor. Consolidating the third wave democracies : themes and perspectives. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Univ Press; 1997. p. 93-134.
The Mobilisation of Social Cleavages in Hungary in a Comparative Perspective
Paper presented at the international seminar on the "Evolution of Political Orientations in Post-communist Societies", Samara, Russia, 7-9 November 1997.
Strany a volby ve stredni a vychodni Evrope. Sociologicky casopis : Czech sociological review. 1997;33(1):5-26.
Társadalmi egyenlőség a választói viselkedésben. Politikatudományi szemle. 1997;6(2):33-46.
Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in East Central Europe. Vol 279. Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy (University of Strathclyde); 1997.
Parties and electoral choices in East-Central Europe. In: Pridham G, Lewis PG, editors. Stabilising fragile democracies : comparing new party systems in Southern and Eastern Europe. New York: Routledge; 1996. p. 100-25.
Koalicní preference ve stredni a vychodní Evrope. Politologicka Revue. 1996;(2):71-86.
Sibling Resemblance in Education Attainment, Occupation Prestige, and Wealth in Hungary during the Communist Regime. European Sociological Review. 1996;12(3):251-70.
The 1990 election to the Hungarian National Assembly : analyses, documents and data. Berlin: Sigma; 1995.
A Short History of the Hungarian Parties of the Transition. In: The 1990 election to the Hungarian National Assembly : analyses, documents and data. Berlin: Sigma; 1995. p. 32-40.
Parties and their voters in 1990 and 1994. In: Király BK, Bozóki A, editors. Lawful Revolution in Hungary, 1989-94. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs; 1995. p. 131-57.
Political Support in East–Central Europe. In: Klingemann H-D, Fuchs D, editors. Citizens and the state. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1995.
Seats and Votes: Consequences of the Hungarian Election Law. In: The 1990 election to the Hungarian National Assembly : analyses, documents and data. Berlin: Sigma; 1995. p. 41-66.
Voting behavior in 1990. In: The 1990 election to the Hungarian National Assembly : analyses, documents and data. Berlin: Sigma; 1995. p. 84-123.
Zwrot na lewo w Polsce i na Wegrzech piec lat po upkadu komunizmu. In: Gebethner S, editor. Wybory parlamentarne 1991 i 1993 a polska scena polityczna. Warszawa: Wydawn. Sejmowe; 1995. p. 193-218.
Left Turn in Hungary and Poland Five Years After the Collapse of Communism. Sisyphus Social Studies. 1995;9(1):75-100.
Pártok és választóik 1990-ben és 1994-ben. In: Andorka R, Kolosi T, editors. Társadalmi riport 1994. Budapest: TÁRKI,; 1994. p. 359-75.
Who is satisfied with democracy? In: Bozóki A, editor. Democratic legitimacy in post-communist societies. Budapest: T-Twins; 1994. p. 231-55.
The emergence of party images in Eastern Europe : some initial material derived from election programmes and sample surveys
Presented at the Symposium on "Political Parties: Changing Roles in Contemporary Democracies", Madrid, Spain, 15 – 17 December 1994