The Elite Is Up to Something: Exploring the Relation Between Populism and Belief in Conspiracy Theories

We explore the relationship between populist attitudes and conspiratorial beliefs on the
individual level with two studies using American samples. First, we test whether and what kinds of
conspiratorial beliefs predict populist attitudes. Our results show that belief in conspiracies with
greedy, but not necessarily purely evil, elites are associated with populism. Second, we test whether
having a conspiratorial mentality is associated with all separate sub-dimensions of populist
attitudes – people-centrism, anti-elitism, and a good-versus-evil view of politics. Results show a
relation only with the first two, confirming the common tendency of both discourses to see the
masses as victims on elites’ hands. These findings contribute to research on the correlates of
populism at the individual level, which is essential to understanding why this phenomenon is so
strong in contemporary democracies.